Introduction: Identification and promotion of diagnostic methods has been a continuous effort to reduce disease and its complications and reduce costs associated with treatment. Despite all these efforts and improving our knowledge of diseases and diagnostic tools, pediatric appendicitis remains part of the diagnostic challenge in the surgical field. The aim of this is to compare the two diagnostic criteria of appendicitis (Children's Appendicitis score [PAS] Versus Pediatric Appendicitis score [CAS]) and evaluation of the diagnostic features of them. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all children admitted to the hospital's emergency center with a possible diagnosis of appendicitis (270 patients) during 2018 and 2019 at Tabriz Pediatric Hospital. Based on the clinical examinations and para-clinical findings some of the patients were underwent the surgical intervention (220 cases) and some discharged and followed up for a period of 2 and 4 weeks later (50 cases). The data were analyzed through SPSS ver. 16 software. Results: The results of the present study indicated that if CAS was associated with ultrasound, the specificity of these criteria would improve and could be more acceptable compared with the PAS. In addition, it was revealed that WBC≥ 11000, as well as PMN≥ 65% and guarding were very specific for diagnosis and complication of acute appendicitis. There was a significant relationship between US findings and pathology reports (P<0. 05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the CAS criteria were more sensitive and the PAS was more specific in diagnosing pediatric acute appendicitis.

Background and Aims: Driving is one of the occupations that afflict a person to get the musculoskeletal disorders because of the awkward working postures and imposition of stretch and strain in the driver’s body musculoskeletal system. We used the cushion for correcting driver’s body posture and their body conditions.Our goal in this study was the survey of cushion usefulness to posture correcting.Materials and Methods: 95 persons of bus drivers for this descriptive, analytic, interactive and cohort study were selected. In this research driver's postures while driving were assessed with RULA method (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) in two stages, before and after the cushion usage. Then the data were analyzed by Spearman, Wilcoxon and Paired Sample tests with the aid of SPSS software program.Results: The statistic tests results show that RULA Grand score for these drivers is between 2-6. Wilcoxon test results for comparing of RULA indices before and after using the cushion show that using this cushion decrease neck score (P<0.001), trunk score (P<0.001) and Grand score (P<0.001).Conclusion: This cushion affects correcting drivers posture but this correction isn’t so idealistic. Therefore our recommendation to designers is that further study and redesign of cushion is necessary to cushion optimizeation.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the histopathological correlation of the suspected prostate malignancy detected in multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). Materials and Methods: The data of 93 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and had preoperative mp-MRI were examined. Age and pre-operative Prostate-Specific Antigen values were retrospectively collected from patient files. The pathology specimens were examined again and post-operative ISUP grade group, other pathological findings (seminal vesicle invasion, lymph node involvement, and extraprostatic extension), pre-operative mpMRI were re-examined and PIRADS score, extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, neurovascular bundle invasion, lymph node involvement, and ADC values were recorded. Results: 151 (92, 07%) of 164 lesions detected in mpMRI were histopathologically correlated. 80% of patients with seminal vesicle invasion (P < 0. 001), 28. 8% of patients with extracapsular extension (P < 0. 052) and 42. 9% of patients with lymph node involvement (P =. 001) in mpMRI were histopathologically correlated. A significant relationship was found between PIRADS scores and ISUP grade groups (P < 0. 001). There was a negative correlation between ADC values and ISUP grade groups (P < 0. 001). Conclusion: Our study showed that the lesions detected by mpMRI showed a high histopathological correlation.

In order to be successful in sports and international affairs, federations must adjust their programs and goals to achieve the highest sports positions in the world and Asia, and avoid immediate, emotional, and random decisions. To this end, identifying the environment of the federation is the first and most necessary step to develop appropriate and efficient strategies. Here in this study, the critical areas of Islamic Republic of IRAN Fencing Federation performance were determined and an internal and external environmental analysis were done to predict the federation expectations for the future orientations and strategies. Accordingly, seven critical areas of performance were determined including, in order of priority, public and international relations, talent identification and heroism, human resource development, structure and organization, sporting events, facilities and equipment, and marketing and financial resources. Then, the internal and external environment of the federation for each of the identified key areas were analyzed and discussed. The strengths and limitations were identified with the aid of score model. Macro and micro external environment analysis were done at two levels including; opportunities and risks environment analysis. Critical performance, expectations, or qualitative goals of the federation were developed for each of the critical areas. The obtained results can be later applied to develop future prospective of Islamic Republic of IRAN Fencing Federation strategies and operational plans.

Background and Aim: There are many risk factors for osteoporosis which can help to decide whether a person needs bone densitometry or not. For reducing the cost of mass screening of osteoporosis, numerous risk assessment methods have been created, from which Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation (score), Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Instrument and Osteoporosis Self Assessment Tool (OST) are the most recognized ones. The objective of this study was to compare score and OST in osteoporotic and high risk women.Materials and Methods: score and OST were calculated for 210 postmenopausal women in Loghman Hospital. After bone densitometry the women were categorized as healthy, osteoporotic (T-score< -2.5), or high risk (T-score<-2). The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, likelihood ratio (LR), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the tests were determined. Then their true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative were assessed by chi2 test.Results: The mean age of the patients was 57.3 y. 43 (20.3%) had osteoporosis and 88 (41.7%) were at risk. The PPV and NPV of OST was 39.2% and 91.6%, respectively, while they were 34.2% and 97.8% for score, respectively. The sensitivity of score was higher in osteoporotic and high risk women (95% and 88.2%, respectively). In addition, it’s NPV and diagnostic odds ratio was higher. The specificity of OST was higher in osteoporotic and high risk women (71.4% and 75.4%, respectively). In addition, it’s LR was higher.Conclusion: Considering the area under the curve for ROC in 95% CI, the difference between two methods was not statistically significant, however, score can exclude low risk population with higher sensitivity and NPV, while OST is useful for detecting high risk population with its better specificity and PPV. 

Background and Aim: Case-Control studies provide evidence in the area of health. Validity and accuracy of such studies depend to a large extent on the similarity (similar distributions) of the case and control groups according to confounding variables. Matching is a method for controlling or eliminating the effects of important confounders. Matching using propensity score has recently been introduced to control the effect of confounders, especially when there are many of them in a study. Materials and Methods: Matching according to propensity score was used in a genetic association study-a case-control study involving 300 subjects-to assess the effect of candidate genes on Alzheimer's disease in the Iranian population. Propensity score was calculated using STATA.8 software; age, sex, education level, job and genetic background were included in the model to calculate the score. Results: A total of 385 blood samples were taken from the participants. We managed to extract DNA in 155 of the 173 case subjects and in 161 of the 212 control subjects. The model for propensity score was statistically significant. Of the total of 316 DNA samples, 302 were matched based on their calculated propensity scores, while the individual matching method could only deliver 28 pairs.Conclusion: The propensity-score matching method results in selection of a larger number of pairs, as compared with the conventional individual matching method. We propose to use this method, which also ensures a similar distribution of confounders between the case and control groups, particularly when there are limitations in the number of subjects available for matching.

One way to prevent financial distortion is to detect it early so that precautionary measures can be taken. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of two models of forecasting distortions based on financial statements including M-score Banish and F-score Decho models and to measure their accuracy. The financial statements of 164 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2015 Will be studied until 2019. According to the results, the accuracy of Dechu F-score criterion in identifying companies with the possibility of tampering and otherwise, is more than 70, which indicates the average ability of the model in detecting fraud. Also, the ability of the above-mentioned criterion with 73.17% in detecting fraud is higher than Banish model with 69.51%. In terms of diagnostic error, type I and II errors, which indicate the error of efficiency and effectiveness of the model, respectively, in the model of Decho et al. (2011) is much less than the model of Banish. Therefore, it can be concluded that Dechu F-score criterion has performed better in cases of detecting the possibility of tampering with the financial statements of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2015 and 2019.